Monday, November 17, 2008

Translation of Ingredient Terms

Got this list from a friend, great for those who are not able to identify the ingredient written in chinese recipe books!

A. Types of Flour , 面粉类
  1. 麵粉, 中筋麵粉 = plain flour / all-purpose flour
  2. 低筋麵粉, 低根粉 = cake flour / soft flour / weak flour / low protein flour
  3. 高筋麵粉, 筋麵, 根麵, 高根粉 = gluten flour / strong flour / bread flour / baker’s flour / high protein flour
  4. 小麦面粉 = whole meal flour
  5. 全麥麵粉 = whole wheat flour
  6. 澄麵粉, 澄粉, 澄麵= non-glutinous flour / wheat flour / wheat starch
  7. 自發麵粉 = self- raising flour
  8. 粗玉米豆粉 = polenta / yellow cornmeal
  9. 粟粉, 粟米粉, 玉米粉, 玉米澱粉(太白粉?) = corn flour / cornstarch
  10. 生粉 , 太白粉, 地瓜粉= potato starch / potato flour
  11. 樹薯粉, 木薯粉, 茨粉, 菱粉, 泰國生粉, 太白粉, 地瓜粉= Tapioca starch / tapioca flour
  12. 蕃薯粉, 地瓜粉 = sweet potato flour
  13. 臭粉, 胺粉, 阿摩尼亞粉, 嗅粉 = powdered baking ammonia / carbonate of ammonia / ammonia bicarbonate / ammonia carbonate / hartshorn
  14. 發粉, 泡打粉, 泡大粉, 速發粉, 蛋糕發粉 = baking powder
  15. 蘇打粉, 小蘇打, 梳打粉, 小梳打, 食粉, 重曹 = baking soda / bicarb ofsoda
  16. 塔塔粉, 他他粉 = cream of tartar
  17. 卡士達粉, 蛋黃粉, 吉士粉, 吉時粉= custard powder
  18. 卡士達, 克林姆, 奶皇餡, 蛋奶餡 = custard / pastry cream
  19. 蛋白粉 = egg white powder
  20. 粘米粉, 黏米粉, 在來米粉, 在萊米粉, 再來米粉= rice flour
  21. 糕仔粉 = cooked rice flour
  22. 糯米粉 = glutinous rice flour / sweet rice flour
  23. 鳳片粉, 熟糯米粉, 糕粉, 加工糕粉 = fried sweet rice flour / fried glutinous rice flour
  24. 綠豆粉 = mung bean flour / tepung hun kwee
  25. 小麥胚芽, 麥芽粉 = wheat germ
  26. 小麥蛋白, 麵筋粉 = wheat gluten
  27. 酵母, 酒餅= yeast/ibu roti
  28. 麵包糠, 麵包屑= breadcrumbs
  29. 雜糧預拌粉 = multi-grain flour
  30. 抹荼粉 = green tea powder
  31. 馬蹄粉 = water chestnut flour
  32. 葛粉 = arrowroot flour
  33. 杏仁粉 = almond flour/almond meal
B. Types of Sugar, 糖类
  1. 黑蔗糖漿, 糖蜜, 甘蔗糖蜜 = molasses
  2. 金黃糖漿 = golden syrup
  3. 楓糖漿, 楓樹糖漿, 楓糖 = maple syrup
  4. 玉米糖漿 = corn syrup/karo syrup
  5. 葡萄糖漿 = glucose syrup
  6. 麥芽糖漿 = barley maltsyrup/maltsyrup
  7. 麥芽糖 = maltose/malt sugar
  8. 焦糖 = carmael
  9. 果糖 = fructos
  10. 乳糖 = lactose
  11. 轉化糖 = invert sugar
  12. 日式糙米糖漿 = amazake
  13. 綿花糖霜 = marshmallow cream cream
  14. 冰糖 = rock sugar
  15. 椰糖, 爪哇紅糖 = palm sugar/gula malacca
  16. 黃砂糖 = brown sugar
  17. 紅糖, 黑糖 = dark brown sugar
  18. 粗糖, 黑砂糖 = muscovado sugar
  19. 金砂 = demerara sugar
  20. 原蔗糖 = raw sugar/raw cane sugar/unrefined cane sugar
  21. 白砂糖, 砂糖 = white sugar/refined sugar/refined cane sugar/coarse granulated sugar
  22. 細砂糖, 幼砂糖, 幼糖 = castor sugar / caster sugar(适用于做糕点)
  23. 糖份混合物 = icing sugar mixture
  24. 糖粉 = icing sugar/confectioners’ sugar
  25. 糖霜, 點綴霜 = icing/frosting
  26. 蜜葉糖, 甜葉菊 = stevia/honey leaf
  27. 代糖, 阿斯巴甜 = aspartame/sweetener/sugar substitute
  28. 什色糖珠
  29. 巧克力米, 朱古力米 = chocolate vermicelli/rice
  30. 巧克力削, 朱古力削 = chocolate curls
  31. 巧克力珠, 朱古力珠 = choc bits/chocolate chips
  32. 耐烤巧克力豆 = choc bits (澳洲的英文名) / chocolate chips (美國、加拿大的英文名)

C.
Essence & Cream , 香精与奶类
  1. 白礬 = alum
  2. 硼砂 =- borax
  3. 石膏 = gypsum
  4. 鹼水, (木見)水, 碳酸钾 = alkaline water/lye water/potassium carbonate
  5. 食用色素 = food colouring
  6. 香草豆, 香草莢, 香草片, 香子蘭莢 = vanilla bean/vanilla pod
  7. 香草精, 雲尼拉香精, 凡尼拉香精 = vanilla extract/vanilla essence
  8. 香草粉 = vanilla powder
  9. 班蘭粉, 香蘭粉 = ground pandan/ground screwpine leaves/serbok daun pandan
  10. 班蘭精, 香蘭精 = pandan paste/pasta pandan
  11. 玫瑰露, 玫瑰露精 = rosewater/rosewater essence essence
  12. 皮屑 = grated zest/grated rind
  13. 牛油, 奶油 = butter
  14. 軟化牛油 = soft butter
  15. 瑪珈琳, 瑪琪琳, 乳瑪琳, 雅瑪琳, 人造奶油, 菜油 = margarine
  16. 起酥油, 起酥瑪琪琳 = pastry margarine / oleo margarine
  17. 豬油, 白油, 大油, 板油 = lard / cooking fat
  18. 酥油, 雪白奶油 shortening
  19. 硬化椰子油 = copha
  20. 椰油 = Creamed Coconut
  21. 烤油 = dripping
  22. 牛油忌廉 = butter cream
  23. 淡忌廉 = light cream/coffee cream/table cream
  24. 鮮奶油, 忌廉, 鮮忌廉 = cream/whipping cream
  25. 包括﹕1 light whipping cream
  26. 2 heavy whipping cream/heavy cream/thickened cream
  27. 3 double cream/pure cream
  28. 酸奶油, 酸忌廉, 酸奶酪, 酸乳酪 = sour cream
  29. 酸奶 = butter milk
  30. 牛奶, 鮮奶, 鮮乳 = milk
  31. 奶粉 = powdered milk / milk powder
  32. 花奶, 淡奶, 奶水, 蒸發奶, 蒸發奶水 = evaporated milk
  33. 煉奶 = condensed milk/sweetened condensed milk
  34. 起士, 起司, 芝士, 乳酪, 奶酪, 乾酪, 乳餅 = cheese
  35. 起司粉 = powdered cheese
  36. 奶油起司, 芝士忌廉, 奶油乳酪, 凝脂乳酪 = cream cheese
  37. 瑪斯卡波尼起司, 馬司卡膨起司, 馬斯卡波涅起司, 義大利乳酪 = mascarpone cheese
  38. 優格, 乳果, 酸奶, 酸乳酪 = yoghurt
  39. 優酪乳 = yoghurt drink/drinking yoghurt
D. Types of Confectionery, 糕点名称
  1. 麵包, 麵飽 = bread
  2. 土司麵包, 吐司 = toast
  3. 法式吐司 = french toast
  4. 裸麥麵包 = rye bread
  5. 派, 批 = pie
  6. 塔, 撻 = tart
  7. 凍派, 凍批 = cream pie
  8. 蛋塔 = egg tart / custard tart
  9. 法式蛋塔 = quiche lorraine
  10. 戚風蛋糕 = chiffon cake
  11. 海綿蛋糕 = sponge cake
  12. 泡芙 = choux pastry / puff
  13. 瑪琳 , 焗蛋泡 = meringue
  14. 蛋蜜乳 = eggnog
  15. 可麗餅 = crepe
  16. 煎餅, 熱餅, 薄烤餅 = pancake
  17. 厚鬆餅 = pikelet / hotcake
  18. 墨西哥麵餅 = tortillas
  19. 曲奇 = cookies
  20. 慕斯, 慕思 = mousse
  21. 布甸, 布丁 = pudding
  22. 司康, 比司吉 = scones
  23. 舒芙蕾 = souffles
  24. 洋芋塊 = hash brown
  25. 英式鬆餅, 瑪芬麵包 = english muffin
  26. 鬆糕, 瑪芬 = american muffin 
  27. 格子鬆餅 = waffle
  28. 手指餅乾 = sponge fingers / ladyfingers / savoiardi (義大利名)
  29. 蘇打餅干 = saltine crackers
  30. 威化餅乾 = wafer biscult

E. Dried Fruits & Nuts, 干果/果脯
  1. 腰子豆, 腰果, 腰果仁, 介壽果 = cashew nut
  2. 花生 = peanut
  3. 瓜子, 南瓜子 = pepitas / dried pumpkin seeds
  4. 崧子, 松子仁 = pine nut
  5. 栗子 = chestnut
  6. 干粟子 = dried chestuts
  7. 核桃, 核桃仁, 合桃, 胡桃 = walnut
  8. 杏仁, 杏仁片, 扁桃 = almond
  9. 北杏, 苦杏仁 = apricot kernel / chinese almond / bitter almond
  10. 南杏 = apricot kernel
  11. 榛果, 榛仁= hazelnut / filbert / cobnut
  12. 開心果, 阿月渾子 = pistachio
  13. 堅果, 澳洲堅果, 夏威夷果, 澳洲胡桃, 澳洲栗, 澳洲核桃, 昆士蘭龍眼, 昆士蘭栗 = macadamia / california nut
  14. 山胡桃, 胡桃 = pecan
  15. 石鼓仔, 馬加拉, 油桐子 = candlenut / buah keras
  16. 白果, 銀杏 = ginkgo nut
  17. 罌粟子 = poppy seed
  18. 亞答子 = atap seed
  19. 海苔粉 = ground seaweed
  20. 涼粉, 仙草 = grass jelly
  21. 椰絲, 椰茸, 椰子粉 = desiccated coconut/shredded coconut
  22. 果子凍, 果凍粉, 啫喱= jelly
  23. 魚膠粉, 吉利丁, 明膠 = gelatine sheets/powdered gelatine 
  24. 大菜, 大菜絲, 菜燕, 燕菜精, 洋菜, 洋菜粉, 瓊脂 = agar powder
  25. 乾椰絲 = dessicated coconut
  26. 龍眼乾, 龍眼肉, 桂圓, 圓肉= dried longan
  27. 葡萄乾 = raisin / dried currant
  28. 無花果乾 = dried fig
  29. 柿餅 = dried persimmon
  30. 桃脯 = dried peach
  31. 杏脯 = dried apricot
  32. 蘋果脯, 蘋果乾 = dried apple
  33. 蜜漬櫻桃, 露桃, 車梨子 = glace cherry/candied cherry
  34. 蜜漬鳳梨 = glace pineapple/candied pineapple
  35. 糖水批把 = loquats in syrup
  36. 杏子酱 = apricot jam
  37. 杏桃果膠 = apricot glaze
  38. 水蜜桃罐頭 = peaches in syrup
  39. 切片水蜜桃罐頭 = sliced peaches in syrup
  40. 綜合水果罐頭 = cocktail fruit in syrup 

F. General Ingredients
  1. 味精 = monosodium glutamate
  2. 醋 = vinegar
  3. 白醋(工研醋) = rice vinegar
  4. 白醋 = white vinegar (西洋料理用的)
  5. 烏醋 = black vinggar
  6. 酱油 = soy sauce
  7. 蚝油 = oyster sauce
  8. 麻油 = sesame oil
  9. 白酒 = white spirits
  10. 加饭酒 = rice wine
  11. 桂花酒 = osmanthus-flavored wine
  12. 芝麻酱 = sesame paste
  13. 辣椒醬 = chili sauce
  14. 牛頭牌沙荼醬 = bull head barbecue sauce/Chinese barbecue sauce
  15. 南乳 = fermented red beancurd
  16. 薑粉 = ginger powder
  17. 调味蕃茄醬 = ketchup
  18. 蕃茄醬 = tomato sauce (普通甜的)
  19. 蕃茄醬 = tomato paste (義大利料理用的)
  20. 豆辦醬 = chilli bean sauce
  21. XO醬 = XO sauce
  22. 豆豉 = salt black bean
  23. 薏米 = pearl barley
  24. 西贾米= sago
  25. 沙莪粒, 西米, 小茨丸 = pearl sago/pearl tapioca
  26. 紅豆沙, 烏豆沙 = red bean paste
  27. 綠豆片 = split mung bean
  28. 芝麻 = sesame Seeds
  29. 蓮子 = lotus seed
  30. 蓮蓉 = lotus paste
  31. 栗蓉 = chestnut puree / chestnut paste
  32. 蜜棗 = preserved red dates
  33. 紅棗 = chinese red dates
  34. 棗泥 = red date paste
  35. 百合 = dried lily bulb
  36. 金针 = tiger lily buds
  37. 陳皮 = dried orange peel/dried tangerine peel
  38. 豆腐 = tofu
  39. 腐竹 = dried beancurd sticks
  40. 腐皮 = beancurd sheet
  41. 酸菜 = pickled mustard-green
  42. 蒸山芋 = steamed sweet potatoes
  43. 咸黄瓜 = salted cucumber
  44. 脱水蒜粒 = dehydrated garlic granules
  45. 冬菇 = dried black mushroom
  46. 木耳 = white fungus
  47. 黑木耳 = black fungus / wood ear fungus / dried black fungus
  48. 海带 = sea vegetable / Sea weed
  49. 燒海苔 = toasted nori seaweed / roasted seaweed sushi nori
  50. 板海苔 = nori seaweed / dried sea laver
  51. 燕菜 = agar-agar
  52. 蝦米 = dried shrimp
  53. 鱼干 = dried fish
  54. 鹹蛋黃 = salted egg yolk
  55. 皮蛋(糖心/ 硬心) = preserved duck eggs (soft and hard yolk)
  56. 咸鸭蛋 = salted duck eggs
  57. 牛肉粒 = dried beef cubes
  58. 牛肉片 = dried beef sliced
  59. 猪肉松 = dried pork floss
  60. 腊鸭 = preserved duck
  61. 鸭肫干= preserved duck gizzard
  62. 烤鸭 = roasted duck
  63. 方便面 = instant noodles
  64. 面条 = noodles
  65. 米粉 = rice-noodle
  66. 粉丝 = silk noodles
  67. 餛鈍皮 = wonton wrapper/wonton skins
  68. 水餃皮 = dumpling wrapper / dumpling skins /gyoza wrapper
  69. 春捲皮 = spring roll wrapper , egg roll wrapper

12 comments:

  1. Hi! Peng,

    Do you know where can I get a type of flour (唐山茨粉)? I need this to make my granny's signature dish. Since she passed away, my mum & aunts have failed to cook the dish because they can't find the flour. According to my mum, the flour is in pieces of grey coloured blocks.

    With Regards,
    Chin

    ReplyDelete
  2. Hi...sorry unable to help u cos i not sure where to get this flour also

    ReplyDelete
  3. Can anyone help to tell me the following ingredients' name in englihs ????? 1. 植物膠 2. 凝乳劑 3.天然風味劑 4. 紅木 5. 熟褐米 6. 乾蒜 , I need them translated in english very urgently ! anybody knows can email to me bettywong@inprojects.net please !

    ReplyDelete
  4. 1. 植物膠 plant gum
    2. 凝乳劑 condensate emulsion
    3. 天然風味劑 Natural flavor agent
    4. 紅木 mahogany
    5. 熟褐米 Brown rice
    6. 乾蒜 dried garlic

    ReplyDelete
  5. Hi, Peng:
    Would you please add Chinese translation of different cuts of meats? For example, pork loin, pork tenderloin, etc.....
    Thanks.
    Angela

    ReplyDelete
  6. Hi Chin,

    I happened to go to this page and found your question. Well, if I'm not mistaken, it sis 蕃薯粉, 地瓜粉 = sweet potato flour. As China has no tapioca flour and may be the Malaysia gave it (唐山茨粉) !

    Why I know ? Well, my mother-i-law was from Hockien, she used to bring that back and when I went there, they gave it to me too as it is hard and expansive in Penang. The color is what you mentioned and in small pieces and slt grey colour in some corner/ side as they squeeze the juice out from the blended sweet potato and dry them, so the base will be darker in color.

    Try and see am I correct.

    Taiwanese use it for deep frying too. The chicken shop ! After coating the seasoned chicken with egg and sweet potato flour, but have to let it stand until it ( potato flour )is wet only then you deep fry them.

    I think 101 things not only chicken chop. They use it in many dishes, kuih, cooking noodle thick soup and so on. In Taiwan, they have fine and coarse type.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Hi Peng,

    Thank a lot for all the above info. recently i bought sodium benzoate and pottasium sorbate to made (kan sui) izzit correct?

    Karen

    ReplyDelete
  8. Wow! This list is SO comprehensive and useful for me. Thanks a million!

    ReplyDelete
  9. Being a vegan this is a really useful list to me. But one thing: Could it be that you mixed traditional and simplified characters in the list?

    ReplyDelete
  10. This is useful, thanks a lot ^^

    ReplyDelete
  11. What a lovely list. Very impressed that your friend compiled such a comprehensive list.thanks a lot!

    The different cuts of meat is a good one. Also, names of fish (grouper, tilapia,yellowtail....)

    ReplyDelete